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Welcome to The Mahjong Masters blog! Where we will try to provide information on mahjong. Everything from basics to some tricks that may come in useful!

How to start and play a game

Now, once the mahjong tiles have been dealt, how do you start the game?

Step 1: Wind Position

You can either roll the Position Dice to determine who is “East” Wind position or follow the directions from How to set-up and deal a Mahjong Game.

Step 2: Replacements (flowers and seasons)

If you are playing with flowers and seasons, and players have those tiles in their starting hand, in order starting from East, South, West, North, place the the tile facing up, and pick up from the ‘back’ of the wall (dead wall).

If another Flower or Season tile is drawn from the wall, it is immediately declared and replaced.

Step 3: Replacement (Kongs)

If anyone has a concealed Kong, it may be declared, and placed face down, and draw a replacement tile from the dead wall.

Step 4: East starting discard

As the dealer (East position) has an additional tile (14) as opposed to the other players (13), they must start by discarding a tile of their choice, face up in the middle of the square/table.

Step 5: Drawing tiles

Next, South can either chose to claim the tile if it completes a “hand”, if so they must discard a tile; or draw a tile from the wall then make a discard.

This will go around the table as East, South, West, North and so forth.

Step 6: Claiming a Tile

Pung (set of 3 identical tiles)
If a tile is discarded that can form a “pung”, any player can claim the tile, show the created set and discard a tile. When this happens, the sequence of play is broken, and the player to the right of the person who called “pung” claims, or pick up and discard.

Kong (set of 4 identical tiles)
If a tile is discarded that can form a “Kong”, any player can claim the tile, exposts the created set and discard a tile. When this happens, the sequence of play is broken, and the player to the right of the person who called “Kong” claims, or pick up and discard.

However, if a “Kong” is completed by a player drawing from the wall, that player can keep the hand concealed. The player will need a replacement tile from the dead wall and discard as usual. The sequence of place continues.

An advantage of keeping a “Kong” concealed is that the player may split it later and use one of the tiles to create a “Chow” if they wish, and therefore have a “Chow” and a “Pung”.

You are not permitted to use a discarded tile to make a declared “Pung” into a “Kong”. However, if you draw a tile from the wall yourself, you can use it to make a “Kong” from a declared “Pung” you have already placed on the table.

Chow (also known as Run)
A “Chow” is a “Run”/sequence of 3 tiles in the same suit.

If the discarded tile is for a “Chow”/”Run”, it can only be picked up from the player who discarded before your turn (the player to your left). The “Run” cannot be made from other players discards. Therefore, when a “Chow” is completed, the sequence of play continues.

In some game rules, once a “Chow” has been claimed, you must stick to that suit for all the other hands (Chows, Pungs, Kongs or Eyes).

Eye (also known as a Pair)
An “Eye” (also known as “Pair”) cannot be claimed from a discard unless it is to go out and declare Mahjong. Only one “Pair” is allowed in the hand.

Claiming Priority

If it happens that two people are attempting to claim during a discard, the priority is as follows:

  • Going out (declaring Mahjong)
  • Kong
  • Pung
  • Chow

Where two players claim the same tile for Mahjong, the player to the right of the thrower wins.

Flowers/Seasons Tiles
Whenever a flower or season tile is drawn, it should immediately be exposes and a replacement from the dead wall be drawn.

Some game variations allow for the idea that if a player holds all Flower tiles (4 of) then that they automatically win the game.

Waiting to Win
When a player only needs one more tile to make “Mahjong”, he has a “ready hand”. This is called “Waiting”.

Winning
When a player created a hand of complete sets and a pair, this is Mahjong, and they declare this out loud.

Generally, a winning hand is four sets of Pungs, Chows or Kongs and a Pair.

In some variations, if someone declares “Mahjong” and when exposing, it is found that this was not a correct call, they will be penalised (either through paying the other players through chips/tokens).

Hand ContainingScore
4 Chows2 points
4 Pungs or Kongs6 points
1 Dragon Pung or Kung2 points
A pair of Dragon Pung6 points
Pung/Kong of Winds that matches the round or seat2 points
Flowers/Seasons Tile1 point each
Win by self-drawn1 point

For example your self-drawn hand was:

The total points would be:

8 points (winning) + 1 point (self drawn)

Let’s play mahjong 🀄!

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How to set-up and deal a Mahjong Game

Please read some tips on how to set-up the mahjong tiles and deal a game including photos and short gif’s.

Step 1: Pick a dealer

The dealer (and the table position) is chosen by various means:

Each player throws a dice (or a pair of die) with the highest count taking the dealer position (East), second-highest taking south, third-highest taking west and last taking north. (A simpler version is that everyone takes a seat at the mahjong table. Everyone rolls a pair of dice and the highest becomes east, and people already sitting at the table get their relevant position.)

Or one player may place one tile of each wind face down and shuffle them. Each player randomly select one of these tiles and these tiles dictate their wind position. Each player sits down at their respective position (called the wind position) at the table in positions of an inverted compass: East is dealer, the right of the dealer is South, across is West, and the left is North.

The order of play is traditionally counter-clockwise.

Step 2: Setting up the wall

All 136 tiles (144 if playing with flowers and seasons) are mixed up and placed face down on the table. They will be shuffled randomly, like shuffling a deck of cards.

Each players then selects 34 tiles each and arranges it in two tiles high, 17 tiles long. (Note: If you are playing with seasons and flowers, it will be 18 tiles long, therefore a player will take 36 tiles.)

These 4 lines then get joined to make a square called the “wall”.

Step 3: Breaking the wall

The dealer (sitting in the east position) throws two dice and adds the two together. Count anti-clockwise counting from 1 (East) -> 2 (South) -> 3 (West) -> 4 (North) -> 5 (East) and so forth.

The position that it stops (in this example, North), that player throws the two dice and adds the numbers together (in this example 6+5 = 11). Starting at the right hand end of their part of the wall. They count the thrown total along, and when it comes to the last two tiles, break the wall with a gap at this point by pushing the left hand tiles slightly further to the left to make a gap. This is where the tiles will be drawn from.

Step 4: Dealing the tiles

The person who ‘broke’ the wall then starts dealing. Each player will get 13 tile, besides the ‘East’ player who will have 14, and need to discard a tile in the first play.

The order of the deal will be East (4 tiles), South (4 tiles), West (4 tiles), North (4 tiles), East (4 tiles), South (4 tiles), West (4 tiles), North (4 tiles), East (4 tiles), South (4 tiles), West (4 tiles), North (4 tiles), East (2 tiles), South (1 tile), West (1 tile) and North (1 tile).

There are two ways to deal the final tiles. The ‘jump’ and the ‘double’.

Now that you have dealt the tiles, you are ready to begin the game!

Let’s play mahjong 🀄!

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Mahjong in Pop Culture: Tracing the Game’s Influence in Movies

Mahjong, the ancient Chinese game of strategy and skill, has left an indelible mark on popular culture worldwide. From its depiction in movies and TV shows to its role in literature and art, Mahjong has captivated audiences and inspired creativity across various mediums. In this blog post, we’ll explore the rich tapestry of Mahjong’s influence in pop culture, tracing its presence in movies, TV shows, and literature.

In this post, we will focus on both western and eastern movie references. Mahjong has made notable appearances in several films, both as a central theme and as a backdrop for character interactions.

The Joy Luck Club

One of the most iconic portrayals of Mahjong in cinema can be found in the 1990 film “The Joy Luck Club,” directed by Wayne Wang. The movie follows the lives of four Chinese-American women and their complex relationships with their mothers, all of whom gather regularly to play Mahjong. The game serves as a metaphor for their interconnected lives and shared struggles, showcasing the power of Mahjong to bridge generational and cultural divides.

Crazy Rich Asians

In the mahjong scene, Rachel invites Eleanor to meet with her at a mahjong parlor. When Eleanor arrives, she takes the open seat across from Rachel and is offered the role of dealer — the “East” seat. Eleanor, in the role of the “East,” representing Asia, is the player in control. Rachel, sitting across from her, represents America — the “West.”

The scene than shows a number of discarded bamboo tiles. Discarded bamboo calls to mind a frequently used term for Westernized overseas Asians, this one Cantonese: jook sing, which literally means “empty bamboo.” The “empty” bamboo tiles are scattered alongside the tiles for East and West, not truly part of either, representing Eleanor’s perception of Rachel.

Although, the number eight is of huge symbolic importance to the Chinese; as it resembles the character for fortune and is considered a sign of wealth, prosperity, and happiness. It doesn’t have special value in the game of mahjong. However, in this scene the eight of bamboo is also the one tile Rachel needs to complete her hand. This is a winning tile for her.

That’s when Rachel throws out the eight of bamboo as a discard — folding her winning hand, knowing that Eleanor will pick it up and declare victory. While this happens, she explains that when Nick finds the proper match in the future, she wants Eleanor to understand that the only reason it occurred was because a “poor, raised by a single mother, low-class immigrant nobody” — Rachel — made it possible.

She then reveals her hand, which would have won, making it clear to the whole table what she’s done, and walks away.

Others

Other notable films featuring Mahjong include “In the Mood for Love,” and “The Gambler,” each offering unique perspectives on the game’s role in storytelling and character development.

Some movies have had passing references to mahjong, for example “Suicide Squad” and “Mission Impossible III”.

As you can there are references to Mahjong in both western and eastern movies and films. Now, you can enjoy it yourself.

Let’s play mahjong 🀄!

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Western Mahjong Rules

Mahjong, often associated with its traditional Chinese roots, has taken on a distinct Western flavor. Western Mahjong, also known as American Mahjong, follows a unique set of rules that differentiates it from its Asian counterparts. In this post, we’ll explore the key elements of Western Mahjong rules, shedding light on its fascinating history and how it has evolved into a beloved game in the West.

The Basics of Western Mahjong

Western Mahjong is typically played with four players seated around a table, much like other versions of the game. However, what sets it apart are the following defining features:

1. Tiles

Western Mahjong employs a set of 152 tiles, compared to the 144-tile set used in traditional Chinese Mahjong. The additional tiles are jokers and special rules are associated with them.

2. The Card

Western Mahjong uses a “card” that lists various combinations or hands that players can aim to complete during a round. The card typically consists of hands classified by their difficulty, ranging from easier combinations to more challenging ones. Players select a hand at the beginning of a game and aim to build their hand accordingly.

3. Charleston

The Charleston is a unique feature of Western Mahjong, taking place at the beginning of each round. Players pass tiles to each other, offering them a chance to improve their hands. The Charleston adds a strategic layer to the game, as players must decide which tiles to keep, pass, or discard.

4. Jokers

Jokers are often used in Western Mahjong and can substitute for any tile to complete a winning combination. They add an element of unpredictability and excitement to the game.

5. Winning Hands

To win a round of Western Mahjong, a player must complete a hand that matches the combination they selected from the card at the beginning of the game. Winning hands often involve combinations of suits, winds, dragons, or specific patterns.

6. Scoring

Scoring in Western Mahjong can be based on the difficulty of the completed hand, with more challenging hands earning more points. The points system can vary depending on house rules or the specific variant being played.

Western Mahjong is a captivating adaptation of the classic Chinese game, with its own unique rules and features. It has found a devoted following in the Western world, with many enthusiasts gathering for friendly games or even participating in tournaments.

As you explore the world of Western Mahjong, you’ll find a delightful blend of strategy, social interaction, and cultural appreciation. Whether you’re new to the game or a seasoned player, Western Mahjong offers a rich and engaging experience that continues to evolve and flourish in the West. So, gather around the table, shuffle those tiles, and prepare for a game that’s as challenging as it is enjoyable.

Let’s play mahjong 🀄!

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Understanding the Differences Between Chinese and Western Mahjong

Mahjong is a timeless game that has captured the hearts of players worldwide. While it has its origins in China, Mahjong has evolved into various regional variations, with Chinese Mahjong and Western Mahjong being two of the most distinct. In this blog post, we’ll explore the key differences between these two versions of the game, shedding light on their rules, tiles, and cultural significance.

1. The Tiles

Chinese Mahjong:

  • 144 Tiles: Chinese Mahjong is traditionally played with a set of 144 tiles. These tiles are divided into three suits (Circles, Bamboos, and Characters), Honor tiles (Winds and Dragons), and Bonus tiles (Flowers and Seasons).
  • No Jokers: Chinese Mahjong does not use joker tiles. Players rely solely on the tiles in their standard set to form combinations and win the game.

Western Mahjong:

  • 152 Tiles: Western Mahjong, also known as American Mahjong, uses a set of 152 tiles. In addition to the tiles found in Chinese Mahjong, it includes 8 jokers that can be used as wild cards.
  • Jokers: Jokers in Western Mahjong add an element of unpredictability. They can substitute for any tile, offering players more flexibility in completing winning combinations.

2. The Rules

Chinese Mahjong:

  • Standard Rules: Chinese Mahjong follows traditional rules that have been in place for generations. The game emphasizes specific combinations, scoring systems, and strategies.
  • Minimal Variations: While there may be regional variations in rules, Chinese Mahjong is known for its consistency and adherence to time-honored traditions.

Western Mahjong:

  • Adaptation and Variability: Western Mahjong has seen adaptation and evolution over time. It is played with various rule sets and scoring systems, often influenced by the preferences of local players or groups.
  • Hands and Scoring: Western Mahjong typically uses a “card” that lists different combinations or hands players can aim to complete. The hands vary in complexity and points awarded.
  • The Charleston: The Charleston is an essential part of Western Mahjong. Players pass tiles to each other in a strategic manner, enhancing their chances of completing their chosen hands. This phase adds a unique layer of interaction and complexity to the game.

3. The Cultural Context

Chinese Mahjong:

  • Cultural Significance: Mahjong is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture, reflecting social dynamics, family gatherings, and leisure activities. It has also found its way into Chinese literature, art, and cinema.
  • Strategy and Tradition: Chinese Mahjong places a strong emphasis on strategy and adheres to established traditions. It is often associated with the skill and wisdom of older generations.

Western Mahjong:

  • Social Enjoyment: Western Mahjong, particularly American Mahjong, is often played in a more relaxed, social setting. It brings people together for friendly games and is a popular pastime in various communities.
  • Adaptation and Creativity: Western Mahjong allows for more adaptation and creativity in rule sets and gameplay. It embraces new variations and local preferences.

It’s obvious that Chinese Mahjong and Western Mahjong represent two distinct branches of a beloved game, each with its own rules, tiles, and cultural significance. While Chinese Mahjong maintains a strong connection to tradition and strategy, Western Mahjong offers a more adaptable and social experience, with variations in rules and the inclusion of jokers.

No matter which version you play, Mahjong continues to bridge cultures, generations, and geographical boundaries, showcasing the enduring appeal of this timeless game. Whether you’re drawn to the elegance of Chinese Mahjong or the creativity of Western Mahjong, the spirit of the game remains the same: to enjoy the camaraderie and challenge that Mahjong offers.

Let’s play mahjong 🀄!

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Mahjong for Absolute Beginners: Everything You Need to Know Before Your First Game

Mahjong may look complex at first glance, but it’s much easier to learn than it appears. Played for over a century, Mahjong is a tile-based strategy game that blends skill, memory, and a bit of luck. This beginner’s guide will walk you through everything you need to know before sitting down for your first game.

What Is Mahjong?

Mahjong is typically played by four players, using a set of 144 tiles. The goal is to complete a winning hand before your opponents by forming specific tile combinations.

The Basic Goal

To win, you generally need:

  • Four sets (three matching or consecutive tiles)
  • One pair

Tile Types Explained

  • Suit Tiles: Dots, Bamboo, Characters (1–9)
  • Honor Tiles: Winds (East, South, West, North) and Dragons (Red, Green, White)
  • Bonus Tiles: Flowers and Seasons (optional for beginners)

Basic Gameplay Flow

  1. Tiles are shuffled and stacked into walls
  2. Players draw and discard tiles
  3. Players form sets by drawing or claiming tiles
  4. The first player to complete a legal hand wins

Beginner Tips

  • Focus on one suit early
  • Avoid claiming tiles too often
  • Watch what other players discard

You don’t need to memorize everything before playing – Mahjong is best learned by doing. Start simple, stay relaxed, and enjoy the process.

Let’s play mahjong 🀄!

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